1對(duì)亂接或自接車內(nèi)電器及音響的轎車，應(yīng)首先檢查搭接部件和搭接件線路，并排除故障。因亂接電器和音響易造成車用電腦失效和其他電器燒損，所以應(yīng)首先排除此類故障，再修理更換其他損壞件，可避免重復(fù)返工返修。

For cars that randomly connect or self connect internal electrical appliances and speakers, the first step is to check the connecting components and wiring of the connecting components, and eliminate any faults. Improper connection of electrical appliances and speakers can easily cause the failure of car computers and burn damage to other electrical appliances. Therefore, such faults should be eliminated first, and other damaged parts should be repaired and replaced to avoid repeated rework and repair.

2對(duì)于很久沒修好的車，應(yīng)先查驗(yàn)轎車的VIN17位碼，弄清廠牌、車型、年份，并進(jìn)行問診。不要先忙著檢查試車。往往這類車是“路邊店”盲目拆裝后造成了復(fù)雜故障，且拆換件又多為偽劣件，所以應(yīng)向車主聲明修理?xiàng)l件(能不能修、幾時(shí)修復(fù)等)，以防止嫁禍于已，此類教訓(xùn)甚多，有必要防患于未然。

For cars that have not been repaired for a long time, the VIN 17 digit code of the sedan should be checked first to determine the brand, model, and year, and then a consultation should be conducted. Don't rush to check and test drive first. Often, these types of cars have complex malfunctions caused by blind disassembly and assembly by roadside shops, and the replacement parts are mostly fake and inferior. Therefore, it is necessary to declare the repair conditions (whether they can be repaired, when they will be repaired, etc.) to the car owner to prevent blaming oneself. There are many lessons to be learned from this, and it is necessary to take preventive measures.

3從汽車加裝件查起，汽車加裝件往往是故障高發(fā)區(qū)。為適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)需要，近幾年加裝了空調(diào)裝置，卻對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)未作改進(jìn)。加裝空調(diào)后功率消能增加，造成原發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率不足，空調(diào)效果不佳，空調(diào)離合器反復(fù)吸合，易燒損，所以通過空調(diào)吸合聲，可迅速判斷故障部位。依維柯車加裝渦輪增壓器后，部分配件質(zhì)量不佳，易發(fā)生漏氣和軸承燒損故障，所以該車爬坡和加速時(shí)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)乏力(從聲響可判斷)，可首先觀察檢查渦輪增壓器有無竄氣和異響

Starting from the inspection of car accessories, car accessories are often the high-risk areas for malfunctions. In order to meet market demand, air conditioning units have been installed in recent years, but no improvements have been made to the engine. After installing air conditioning, the power dissipation increases, resulting in insufficient power of the original engine, poor air conditioning effect, and repeated engagement of the air conditioning clutch, which is prone to burning. Therefore, the fault location can be quickly identified through the sound of air conditioning engagement. After installing a turbocharger on an Iveco car, some parts have poor quality and are prone to air leakage and bearing burnout. Therefore, the engine is weak when climbing and accelerating (as can be judged from the sound). First, observe and check whether the turbocharger has any blowby or abnormal noise

4從改裝件查找故障。對(duì)自主改裝車，車輛發(fā)生動(dòng)力不足，電器燒損，空調(diào)效果不佳或損壞，應(yīng)先查找電壓轉(zhuǎn)換器、改代電路和空調(diào)改代部件是否合格。

4. Search for faults from modified parts. For self modified vehicles, if there is insufficient power, electrical damage, poor or damaged air conditioning, the voltage converter, replacement circuit, and air conditioning replacement components should be checked for qualification first.

5對(duì)返修車輛，要先從原修理部位查找。以下情況：更換件是否偽劣件；拆裝件是否裝錯(cuò)(左右、前后、上下方向裝反)；配合件是否對(duì)準(zhǔn)裝配記號(hào)；是否按廠家要求更換了一次性使用拆裝件(重要螺栓螺母、軸銷、密封墊、O型墊圈等)；是否按廠家要求成對(duì)更換配件(如減震彈簧)；修后是否進(jìn)行平衡試驗(yàn)(如輪胎)，排除以上因素后，再行分析檢查其他部位。

5 pairs of repaired vehicles need to be searched for from the original repair site first. The following situations: whether the replacement parts are fake or inferior; Whether the disassembled parts are installed incorrectly (installed in the opposite direction of left and right, front and back, and up and down); Are the mating parts aligned with the assembly markings; Have disposable disassembly and assembly parts (important bolts, nuts, shaft pins, gaskets, O-rings, etc.) been replaced according to the manufacturer's requirements; Whether to replace accessories (such as shock absorber springs) in pairs according to the manufacturer's requirements; After repair, whether to conduct a balance test (such as on tires), eliminate the above factors, and then analyze and inspect other parts.

6對(duì)轎車因碰撞和猛烈震動(dòng)后熄火并難以啟動(dòng)的故障，應(yīng)首先檢查安全鎖止裝置，不要先盲目查找其他部件故障。其實(shí)只要讓安全鎖止裝置復(fù)位，轎車便可重新啟動(dòng)。富康988、日本凌志、福特等車均有此裝置。

If a car stalls and is difficult to start due to collision and violent vibration, the safety locking device should be checked first, and other component faults should not be blindly searched for first. In fact, as long as the safety locking device is reset, the car can be restarted. Fukang 988, Japanese Lexus, Ford and other cars all have this device.

7從國(guó)產(chǎn)件查找故障。合資生產(chǎn)的轎車在實(shí)行國(guó)產(chǎn)化的過程中，確實(shí)有部分裝車的國(guó)產(chǎn)件質(zhì)量不高。這一點(diǎn)可從國(guó)產(chǎn)件替代前后的現(xiàn)象對(duì)比中發(fā)現(xiàn)，如依維柯，制動(dòng)鼓、盤、片改用國(guó)產(chǎn)件后制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)較原裝進(jìn)口件故障率提高，所以檢查故障時(shí)，應(yīng)先從此入手，而不要先檢查制動(dòng)總泵、分泵等部件。富康電噴車上的碳罐改用國(guó)產(chǎn)件后，噪音大，易漏油，所以發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)生異響時(shí)，首先檢查碳罐是否工作正常。凡此種種，都是目前客觀存在的事實(shí)，不能回避。

7. Find faults from domestic parts. During the localization process of joint venture produced sedans, there are indeed some domestically produced parts with low quality that are loaded onto the vehicle. This can be observed from the comparison of the phenomenon before and after the replacement of domestic parts. For example, for Iveco, the failure rate of the brake system is higher after using domestic parts for the brake drum, disc, and disc compared to the original imported parts. Therefore, when checking for faults, one should start from this point first, rather than checking the brake master cylinder, cylinder, and other components first. After replacing the carbon canister on Fukang electronic fuel injection vehicles with domestically produced parts, the noise is loud and it is prone to oil leakage. Therefore, when the engine produces abnormal noise, the first thing to check is whether the carbon canister is working properly. All of these are objective facts that currently exist and cannot be avoided.

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